Marketing Strategy of Toyota Energy-Saving Vehicle in UK Market Essay

Showcasing Strategy of Toyota Energy-Saving Vehicle in UK Market - Essay Example The analyst expresses that elective vitality news gives a scope of meanings of vitality sparing vehicles showing that a vitality sparing vehicle has at least one of the accompanying characteristics. A stop-turn over motor, with is a standard inward ignition motor which turns itself off when the vehicle halts. A cross breed vehicle which consolidates a standard inside burning motor with battery-controlled innovation, permitting the vehicle to choose the most proficient wellspring of intensity through a locally available PC. At last, there are vehicles which run completely from an electrical source dependent on flow battery innovations. At present Toyota creates and advertises two models of vitality sparing vehicle in the UK every one of which has a somewhat unique promoting blend. The Prius is Toyota’s unique half and half model and is focused on the mid-upper finish of the market for family vehicles. The vehicle is promoted as an item which is ecologically cordial and gives th e buyer long haul cost reserve funds with low MPG utilization rate. The vehicle is as of now advertised in four details running in cost from  £21,000 to  £27,000. While the presentation figures for the vehicle as far as fuel utilization are a noteworthy selling highlight of the model and see the expense of running far lower than numerous different vehicles available. Pundits demonstrate that there are likewise other vitality sparing vehicles available which far more elevated levels of execution with regards to the issue of cost investment funds. With the Toyota Prius now entering its fourth era, one may consider that the item is entering the development phase of the item lifecycle. Purchasers no longer observe the Toyota Prius as an extreme advancement however a down to earth method of appreciating minimal effort motoring from the viewpoint of running expenses. Toyota Auris speaks to the second model of vitality sparing vehicle to be acquainted with the UK showcase by Toyota. Li ke its antecedent, the Toyota Prius the vehicle utilizes half and half motor innovation to convey a vehicle with low running expenses and other budgetary advantages, for example, low assessment obligations. In any case, the advertising blend and target crowd for the Auris model is marginally extraordinary to that of the Prius.

Free sample - Music. translation missing

Music. MusicOutline I. Presentation The term Haram infers â€Å"an act which is prohibited.† II. What are a portion of the reasons that a few Muslims believe music to be Haram? There are various reasons which clarify why a few Muslims believe music to be Haram.  Presentation The term Haram suggests â€Å"an act which is prohibited.† This is as per the Islamic religion. The devotees of this religion (the Muslims) think about the demonstration of tuning in to any sort of music for example, Soul, Religious, or even Rhythm and Blue to be an offense. Likewise, as indicated by them, Islamic religion restricts whichever type of singing, and use of melodic gadget(s) during this procedure. These demonstrations as indicated by this religion are sufficient purposes behind sickening our hearts. They are additionally answerable for fading it (the heart) (Miller and Shahriari 10). What are a portion of the reasons that a few Muslims believe music to be Haram? There are various reasons which clarify why a few Muslims believe music to be Haram. One, in the blessed book of Islam (the Koran), it is composed that â€Å"any individual who gets/purchases repetitive talks with the sole-reason for giving individual human being(s) an inappropriate impression in regards to what God has told by means of disparagement will seriously be punished.† Scores of Islamic examinations academicians over the globe have deciphered the articulation ‘redundant or inactive talk’. To them, this articulation suggests ‘chanting/singing’ (Hamditabligh). Two, in one event, Prophet Mohammed said that â€Å"some Muslims esteemed various cultural indecencies to be legitimate.† These incorporate infidelity, and utilization of mixed drinks. Others are wearing of silk formal attire and utilization of melodic devices during adore. He further expressed that few supporters of the religion will remain out at the lower regions of the ton/mountain from sun up to sun down hanging tight for the appearance of the marshals/shepherds. They will be constrained to do this in order to represent various inquiries. Be that as it may, the marshals will illuminate them to return to their particular spots of living arrangements, and come back to the lower regions the next day. Mohammed noticed that â€Å"God will totally devastate these devotees for the duration of the night. Besides, he (Allah or God) will utilize his superpowers to allow the ton to plunge on them subsequently decimating them totally (Hamditabligh). Mohammed also noticed that Allah will perform wonders and change those adherents who won't have been crushed into certain wild and household creatures. These incorporate monkeys and pigs. The changed people will remain in this structure till renaissance. Numerous Muslim chiefs and Islamic examinations masters have deciphered these comments. They have proposed that Mohammed believed utilization of melodic devices to be ill-conceived, and along these lines no Muslim should endeavor to do as such. One of the pros is Ibn Al-Qayyim. He wrote a book which is known as ‘Ighathat Al-Lahfan.’ In this book, he contends that â€Å"Mohammed restricted these indecencies, however humankind didn’t notice to this disallowance, and keeps on seeing them (the indecencies) as legitimate† (Hamditabligh). Three, during his lifetime, Prophet Mohammed was solicited by one from his supporter â€Å"why he had expressed that those people who venerated, and offered penances to God including the individuals who accept that he (Mohammed) is Gods’ messenger, and the individuals who follow the various Islamic lessons and laws will be changed into animals.† The Prophet (Mohammed) addressed him that this â€Å"is inferable from their usage of melodic devices during worship.† Four, it is written in the blessed book of Islam that God reprimanded the love of ‘Kuffar’s’ at a spot called ‘Kaa’bah’. This suggests Allah, reprimanded/censured those Muslims who venerated him at this spot since they rehearsed ‘Muka'an’. Moreover, they rehearsed ‘Tasdiyah’. As per notable Islamic examinations researchers, the term ‘Muka'an’ suggests shrilling or whistling. The term ‘Tasdiyah’ then again infers extolling/applauding during singing. Five, it has all around been recorded by notable Islamic religion specialists that the demonstration of tuning in to any sort of music is a huge supporter of the fortification of the Devilish traditions, and along these lines, meets all requirements to be Haram. Additionally, they have contended that there is no single event where the Messenger of God (Mohammed) in the course of his life along with his partners amassed in order to sing. In such manner, the academicians infer that â€Å"no Muslim ought to participate in any type of singing.† Six, a few Muslims contend that this demonstration (of tuning in to music) over the radio and more has a higher probability of making the opinions/feelings of the audience to end up being less passionate once the individual in question hears Islamic lessons. Scores of the devotees of this religion additionally contend that melodic devices/instruments have a place with the devil.â Due to this explanation, any individual who focuses on them (the instruments) will from there on boogie/move without a doubt. This individual will on a petition meeting ask quickly. The individual will likewise implore while sitting instead of bowing (Scott 23). Seven, Islamic religion requires each Muslim to declaim/discuss the heavenly book during venerate. Be that as it may, as indicated by notable academicians, any individual who tunes in to music will experience the ill effects of various mental issue which won't permit the person in question to declaim it in the right way. This individual won't extravagant giving exceptional consideration to the sacred book. The person can't comprehend realities written in it (the Koran) during recitation. Also, the researchers have contended that the music audience can't have any sense of taste/flavor for it. In this way, this individual shan’t have veneration for the Koran. Therefore, the individual in question won't infer satisfaction while contemplating it (the sacred book). Eight, as indicated by certain Muslims, it is elegantly composed in the book of Ayah (Chapter forty three (43), and refrain thirty six) that â€Å"any Muslim who submits sin will be made the Devils’ friend by God.† Owing to the way that most Muslims believe music to be Haram, at that point any individual who tunes in to it will be made the Devils’ confidant (Hamditabligh). Nine, a few Imams have contended that the demon uses various strategies to catch those Muslims whose confidence in Allah (God) is very low. Among them (the strategies) are applauding during singing, and whistling.â These people typically neglect to follow Islamic lessons to the later inferable from two fundamental qualities. One of them is the absence of insight. The subsequent one is deficient reality. Because of these characteristics, the greater part of these people use melodic contraptions. Likewise, they tune in to music which is viewed as Haram. As indicated by them, such people take part in wicked acts. Besides, they will not consent to laws that have been set out by our maker (Allah). These Imams have emphasized that the demonstration of tuning in to music is like participating in reckless sexual practices. These incorporate inbreeding, lesbianism, and homosexuality. Others are betrayal and brutishness. Ten, a few Imams have expressed that Music is like Allah’s foe (the fallen angel). Likewise, they respect music to be a patron of sharp connection between an individual who tunes in to it, and our maker (Allah). They have quarreled/contended that Allah’s foe has made those people whose faithfulness to Allah is low to become hopelessly enamored with reciting or singing. He has additionally outfitted them with misdirecting realities because of which they (music audience members) wind up using them as confirmation for the joy determined during singing. To them, all music audience members will with time begin following Allah’s foe lessons. Because of this, they will stop perusing the Koran in order to focus on these lessons (Devil’s lessons). They have quarreled that those individuals who have arrived at this stage regularly rest in a cool spot or inside the house, switch on the radio or the TV, and license their spirits to focus on music. As a result, the fallen angel as music will make their spirits to be very energized. Besides, he will make them to boogie/move like a whore, or a male gay. Eleven, some of them have recommended that the demonstration of tuning in to music makes the audience to show up as though the person has devoured a mixed drink. This makes the listener’s soul to be part into flotsam and jetsam. Additionally, it makes the person in question to create a collection of jokes with respect to the Islamic religion. Music is likewise accepted to be attractive to them when contrasted with the Islamic lessons. Muslims accept that on the off chance that an individual tunes in to these lessons rather than music, at that point the person will not be rebuffed by Allah. Twelve, Islamic religion believes music to be Allah’s foe blessed book. Most Imams over the globe have continually emphasized that every one of those people who give unique consideration to music do distribute the beneficial things offered to them by God to his enemy.â It is like a merchant who purchases an item at a specific cost, and sells it at a misfortune. Accordingly, it is unnecessary for an individual to tune in to music or sing since the person in question is probably going to experience massive misfortunes. Be that as it may, an individual will determine the best enjoyment when the person discusses the Koran (Miller and Shahriari 24). Thirteen, there is a Muslim Sheik who was mentioned to say something in regards to music. His name is Abdulaziz Bin Baz. The Muslim priest contended that he just tunes in to music to get satisfaction from it. Undoubtedly, Abdulaziz explained that vocalists should just utilize Tambourine during singing. He focused on that this instrument ought to explicitly be played by female grown-ups. F

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Use Information That Is School Specific

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Use Information That Is School Specific In business school application essays, some candidates unintentionally describe their personal experience with a specific MBA program in a vague and general way. Because they are writing from memory and discussing their authentic experience, they do not realize that they are not being specific enough. Consider the following example: “During my visit to Cornell Johnson, I was struck by the easygoing classroom discussion, the warmth of the professors, and the time spent by the first-year student who not only toured the facilities with me but also took me out for coffee and asked several of his colleagues to join us.” Although these statements may in fact be true, the text contains no Cornell-specific language. If the Yale School of Management, Michigan Ross, or the name of any other school were substituted for Cornell Johnson here, the statement would not otherwise change at all, resulting in a weak and generic essay. In contrast, the following statement could refer only to Darden: “While on Grounds, I was impressed by Professor Robert Carraway’s easygoing and humorous style as he facilitated a fast-paced discussion of the ‘George’s T-Shirts’ case. Although I admittedly felt dizzied by the class’s pace, I was comforted when I encountered several students reviewing the finer points of the case later at First Coffee. I was impressed when my first-year guide stopped mid-tour to check in with her learning teammate and reinforce the case’s central point. It was then I recognized that this was the right environment for me.” If you were to substitute the Darden name and even the professor’s name with those of another school and professor, the paragraph would no longer work. Including the Darden-specific information regarding the day’s case, First Coffee, and learning teams ensures that these sentences have a sincere and personal feel and shows that the candidate truly understands what the school is about. This is necessary to craft a compelling personal statement that will catch the admissions committee’s attention. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Use Information That Is School Specific In business school application essays, some candidates unintentionally describe their personal experience with a specific MBA program in a vague and general manner. Because they are writing from memory and discussing their authentic experience, they do not realize that they are not being specific enough. Consider the following example: “During my visit to Cornell Johnson, I was struck by the easygoing classroom discussion, the warmth of the professors, and the time spent by the first-year student who not only toured the facilities with me but also took me out for coffee and asked several of his colleagues to join us.” Although these statements may in fact be true, the text contains no Cornell-specific language. If the Yale School of Management, Michigan Ross, or the name of any other school were substituted for Cornell Johnson here, the statement would not otherwise change at all, resulting in a weak and generic essay. In contrast, the following statement could refer only to UVA Darden: “While on Grounds, I was impressed by Professor Robert Carraway’s  easygoing and humorous style as he facilitated a fast-paced discussion of the ‘George’s T-Shirts’ case. Although I admittedly felt dizzied by the class’s pace, I was comforted when I encountered several students reviewing the finer points of the case later at First Coffee. I was impressed when my first-year guide stopped mid-tour to check in with her learning teammate and reinforce the case’s central point. It was then I recognized that this was the right environment for me.” If you were to substitute the Darden name and even the professor’s name with those of another school and professor, the paragraph would no longer work. Including the Darden-specific information regarding the day’s case, First Coffee, and learning teams ensures that these sentences have a sincere and personal feel and shows that the candidate truly understands what the school is about. This is necessary to craft a compelling personal statement that will catch the admissions committee’s attention. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Use Information That Is School Specific In MBA application essays, some business school candidates unintentionally discuss their personal experience with a specific MBA program in a vague and general way. Because they are writing from memory and discussing their authentic experience, they do not realize that they are not being specific enough. Consider the following example: “During my visit to Cornell Johnson, I was struck by the easygoing classroom discussion, the warmth of the professors, and the time spent by the first-year student who not only toured the facilities with me but also took me for coffee and asked several of his colleagues to join us.” While these statements may in fact be true, the text contains no Cornell-specific language. If Yale SOM, Michigan Ross, or the name of any other school were substituted for Cornell Johnson here, the statement would otherwise not change at all. This results in a weak and generic essay. If any statement in your esay could easily apply to any other school, this is not good. In contrast, the following statement could refer only to Darden: “While on Grounds, I was impressed by Professor Robert Carraway’s easygoing and humorous style as he facilitated a fast-paced discussion of the ‘George’s T-Shirts’ case. Although I admittedly felt dizzied by the class’s pace, I was comforted when I encountered several students reviewing the finer points of the case later at First Coffee. I was impressed when my first-year guide stopped mid-tour to check in with her learning teammate and reinforce the case’s central point. It was then I recognized that this was the right environment for me.” If you were to substitute the Darden name and even the professor’s name with those of another school and professor, the paragraph would no longer work. The Darden-specific information regarding the day’s case, First Coffee, and learning teams ensures that these sentences have a sincere and personal feel and shows that the candidate truly understands what the school is about. This is necessary for a compelling personal statement that will catch the admissions committee’s attention. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Use Information That Is School Specific In MBA application essays, many business school candidates unwittingly discuss their personal experience with a specific MBA program in the most vague and general way. Because they are writing from memory and discussing their authentic experience, they do not realize that they are not being specific enough. Consider the following example: “During my visit to Cornell, I was struck by the easygoing classroom discussion, the warmth of the professors and the time spent by the first-year student who not only toured the facilities with me but also took me for coffee and asked several of his colleagues to join us.” While these statements may in fact be true, the text contains no Cornell-specific language. If Yale, Michigan or the name of any other school were substituted for Cornell here, the statement would otherwise not change at all. This statement could be applicable to any other schoolâ€"and this is not good. In contrast, the following statement could refer only to Darden: “While on Grounds, I was impressed by Professor Robert Carraway’s easygoing and humorous style as he facilitated a fast-paced discussion of the ‘George’s T-Shirts’ case. Although I admittedly felt dizzied by the classs pace, I was comforted when I encountered several students reviewing the finer points of the case later at First Coffee. I was impressed when my first-year guide stopped mid-tour to check in with her learning teammate and reinforce the case’s central point. It was then I recognized that this was the right environment for me.” If you were to substitute the Darden name and even the professor’s name with those of another school and professor, the paragraph would no longer work. The Darden-specific information regarding the day’s case, First Coffee and learning teams ensures that these sentences have a sincere and personal feel and shows that the candidate truly understands what the school is about. This is necessary for a compelling personal statement that will catch the admissions committees attention. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips

Personal Narrative A Childish Brawl - 1523 Words

A Childish Brawl â€Å"She’s not coming. Get them, and anyone else in the halls, to their classroom and lock the door NOW.† As those words passed through Mrs. Tyndall’s lips, I felt myself panic. This wasn’t your usual â€Å"I forgot I had homework last night† panic, but the panic that makes you feel as if a gaping hole just opened up underneath your feet and you’re about to plummet into the unknown. At that moment, while I felt myself slipping from the edge, I looked around to see twenty-four pairs of eyes staring back at me. Looking into those eyes immediately closed the hole and shook me back to reality. I volunteer at St. Andrew’s Catholic School as a substitute art teacher every year, because my high school requires me to volunteer for ten†¦show more content†¦My mind would not let go of the different incidents I had heard on the news about child abduction or school shootings. When I see these reports, it never seems like they could actually occur at my high school or even the school I volunteer at; it was impossible, totally preposterous. I had never been able to handle stress well, so I often overworked myself; you could ask anyone and they would agree. Except in this sudden state of panic; I felt the overflowing worry dissolve. Taking a few seconds to collect myself, I briskly led the class down the middle school hallway. The fourth graders were excited and restless, seeing Mrs. Tyndall run off and having me take them to homeroom, so they began barraging me with questions. â€Å"Why is Mrs. Tyndall running?† â€Å"Where is she going?† â€Å"What’s going on?† â€Å"Where’s Mrs. Crowl?† â€Å"We’re still going home on time, right?† They were asking the questions that were running through my head, but even though I was curious I had to get them to class. Guiding the group back into line I explained, â€Å"It must be something important, like an announcement, that the teachers need to do. But it s the end of the day, so the faster we get to the classroom, the faster we can go home.† With the prospect of going home in mind, the class quieted, scurrying to their classroom. Once there, I counted heads twice to be sure all of them were present, turned to lock the

Essay The Chicano View on Mexican Immigration - 1048 Words

During the 1970’s, Mexican Americans were involved in a large social movement called the Chicano movement. Corresponding with the great development of the black civil rights movement, Mexican Americans began to take part in a series of different social protests in which they demanded equal rights for themselves. Composed mainly of Mexican American students and youth, these activists focused on maintaining a pride for their culture as well as their ethnicity to fuel their political campaign. Left out of this campaign initially though were Mexican immigrants. As is made clear in the writings of David Gutierrez, since the beginning of large amounts of Mexican immigration, Mexican Americans have opposed supporting Mexican immigrants.†¦show more content†¦This new identity automatically gave everyone something in common which in turn made the group of activists stronger, and more identifiable as a whole. There was also the Plan of Aztlan, where Aztlan (the area interpr eted as lost territories that Mexico surrendered to the United States after the United States – Mexico war ended in 1848) represented the symbolic territorial base of the Chicano people. The Plan of Aztlan did something for the Chicanos that contradicted their previous belief that they needed to get assimilated within the American society. If anything, Aztlan somewhat diminished and rejected any connection Chicanos had with American culture and society. Along with the changes within the movement, another momentum increasing factor was the Cisneros case ruling that Mexican Americans constituted an identifiable minority group †¦ and are entitled to special federal assistance (Gutierrez, 186). These reformations of ideas and opinions all lead to a smaller movement within the Chicano movement. Many of the activists were coming to the realization that Mexican immigration was becoming a major civil rights controversy;Show MoreRelatedThe Immigration Act Of 19241732 Words à ‚  |  7 Pagesbecame, and still is, a promised land for many. As a result, immigration has become a pivotal topic in the American culture and with time, the dynamics of immigration has changed due to a shifting of focus between different immigrant groups. From the Chinese exclusion act in 1882 to the Immigration Act of 1924, which restricted Eastern European immigrants’ access to the USA, different groups of people have been the principal focus of immigration reform (HISTORY Corporation, 2009). Since the early-20thRead MoreMexican And Mexican Americans During The War Of Texas And The Wrongful1206 Words   |  5 PagesThe Unit explains the hardships many Mexican and Mexican Americans have carried and continue to carry till this day due to their ethnicity and roots. The inequality and struggles rooted from the invasion of Texas and the wrongful â€Å"won† over Mexican territory by the Euro-centric American who then expanded their border down south unjustly colonizing the Northwest of Mexico. Along with land many Mexicans who resided in this land were now living in among a strange new government and environment thatRead MoreHomeland1082 Words   |  5 Pagesdisplaced Mexicans and their posterity. Not only is she able to accurately portray their hardships, but she is also able to alienate her white audience by using both English and Spanish. This is done in a way that provides some insight into the cultural barriers that Mexican-Americans encounter. Her use of historical context illuminates the injustice that these people were subject to, while her incorporation of firsthand experiences and family history give the reader a more personal view of the trialsRead More The Chicano Movement: Struggles, Goals, and Accomplishments Essay examples1537 Words   |  7 Pagesthe objectives that the groups of people set out to achieve. The Mexican-American Civil Rights Movement, more commonly known as the Chicano Movement or El Movimiento, was one of the many movements in the United States that set out to obtain equality for Mexican-Americans (Herrera). At first, the movement had a weak start but eventually the movement gained momentum around the 1960’s (Herrera). Mexican-Americans, also known as Chicanos, began to organize in order to eliminate the social barriers thatRead More The Ethnicity of Mexians in the United States Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesEthnicity of Mexians in the United States For centuries, Mexican Americans have dealt with an enormous amount of hardships that date back to their early Aztec roots. The source of many problems in Mexican American history can be traced in the pre-colonial period, before the United States of America was even conceived. Major problems of this era in history not only affected the Aztecs, but also the following generations of Aztec and Mexican descent, and continue to have an impact on their descendentsRead MoreBecoming Members of Society: Learning the Social Meanings of Gender (Devor1029 Words   |  5 PagesXicano (Chicano) was able to evolve and retain their cultural identity and ethnicity by creating a border dialect or language (a Patois) which supports the view of the essayist Gloria Anzaldua’s â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue.† This dialect is viewed as sub-cultured jargon in their homeland (Mexico) where Standard Mexican Spanish is spoken and the Working Class English is demanded by their adopted host north of the border, America. Ultimately, the appropriation and assimilation of borderland Mexicans (HispanicRead More Mexicans in the United States Essay3496 Words   |  14 Pages In attempting to discuss the history of Chicanos, or Mexican-Americans and their experiences in the United States, an economic analysis may provide the best interpretation for their failure to achieve the status of first class citizens. This difficulty in achieving equality of citizenship is deeply rooted in both the economic self-interest of the Anglo-Americans, as well as their inherent perception of Otherness in Chicanos. This paper will explain the importance of this history and its contextRead MoreAssimilation: the Latino Experience Essay1924 Words   |  8 PagesImmigration has always been an issue in the United States, which is often portrayed as harmful and as major threat to American culture. As a result, various anti immigration policies have been aimed against immigrants in order to prevent and preserve the miscegenation of American culture, such as English only policies. Among the largest minority groups in the U.S, are Latinos who currently compose of 15% of the U.S population (Delgado and Stefancic 3). Unfortunately, Latinos have been accused ofRead More crtical thinking paper1888 Words   |  8 Pageslion and let the voice of Chicano history be heard. Luis Valdez does this in a satirical way by presenting the views and stereotypes that many American’s have had and continue to have, about Chicano’s in the form of a shop where Chicano quot;model/robotsquot; are sold. By presenting each Chicano as a robot and stereotype, Luis Valdez tries to earse of the quot;modelsquot; of Chicano’s that people have in their heads and tries to point out that there is a strong Chicano culture and a rich historyRead MoreImproving The Racial Climate On Campus904 Words   |  4 Pagesin favor of making ethnic studies a requirement for undergraduates. In Arizona, a round July, legislators decided to prohibit students from taking a Mexican-American ethnic studies class because they believed the class would promote ethnic solidarity instead of promoting the treatment of the people as individuals. In today’s society, most people view bilingual education, a form of schooling in which content and instructions is presented to students in two or more languages, mostly English and Spanish

Mod2 SLP Financial decision making Example

Essays on Mod2 SLP: Financial decision making Speech or Presentation Question S= 3800000 S= Future Value P= ? P= Present Value r= 5% r= interest rate t yr t= time S=P rt) 3800= P 0.05 P= $3619 Question#2Account A Account B S= 4100 S= 5500 P= ? t= 2 yrs t= 1 yr P= ? r= 5% r= 5% S=P(1+rt) S=P(1+rt) 4100= P(1+(0.05)(1)) 5500= P(1+(0.05)(2)) P= $3905 P= $4989 Combined PV= 3905+4989= $8894 Question#3 S= 158000 r= 7% P= ? YEAR 1 t= 1 yr S=P(1+rt) 158000= P(1+(0.07)(1)) P= $147663.55 S= 246000 r= 7% P= ? YEAR 2 t= 2 yr S=P(1+rt) 246000= P(1+(0.07)(2)) P= $215789.47 S= 289000 r= 7% P= ? YEAR 3 t= 3 yr S=P(1+rt) 289000= P(1+(0.07)(3)) P= $238842.97 Amount you have to invest today for all 3 future payments is: P= $602296 Money on hand today is worth more than tomorrow, therefore it is important that we understand the concept of time value of money. This concept illustrates that the present value of money on hand at time zero will be worth more in the future depending on the interest rate prevalent in the market (Besley and Brigham, 2000). In the questions given had to find out the present value of money at different interest rates as well as time periods. We used the formula S=P (1+r) ^t where â€Å"S† represents the future amount, â€Å"P† represents the present amount, â€Å"r† represents rate of interest and â€Å"t† represents time period. This formula is frequently used in order to determine the worth of money on hand in the future. In the first question we were given the interest rate, future value and the time period. By using this formula we get the present value of the amount. Question 2 gave us two options with their future value, interest rate as well as time. W e calculated the present value of both the options by the same formula as illustrated previously. Question 3 presented us with three different cash flows and we had to discount them back to get their present value. This brings us to another concept of discounted cash flow. Discounted cash flow or DCF is a natural consequence of the time value of money. It works on the principle that a dollar today is not worth the same as a dollar in future (Ehrhardt Brigham 2004). DCF analysis takes the cash flows for each period and discounts it back to time zero (t=0) i.e. today. We applied DCF concept to get present value of all future cash flow using S=P (1+r) ^t formula. Different questions in the assignment resulted in different answers but the formula, method and the reason of doing the question is same which is to calculate the present value of the amount. Hence, it has been concluded that with the help of the above mentioned formula one can easily project the present value of the future amount and can invest accordingly without being deceived. References: Besley, S., Brigham, E. F. (2000). Essentials of managerial finance. Washington, DC: South-Western College. Ehrhardt,C.E., Brigham, E. F. (2004). Financial Management: Theory and Practice  . Washington, DC: South-Western College.

Casing Milling free essay sample

Abstract Sidetracking has been proven to be a cost saving solution over drilling new horizontal wells to increase production from existing wells. Most problems that might be encountered when removing casing can be identified prior to beginning a lining removal job. By identifying these potential problems, the proper equipment can be used effectively to keep the job running smoothly. Technical advances in mill design such as the development of a cutting structure that effectively manages the cuttings size and is more wear resistant has increased the efficiency of the entire operation. Introduction A cost effective means to enhance production and provide for reservoir stimulation from existing platforms is to sidetrack wells from existing slots to reach new bottom hole locations. In the process of recovering these slots to facilitate the sidetrack, one or more casing strings must e removed from the existing well. Casing removal is accomplished by a combination of process such as cutting, pulling and milling. We will write a custom essay sample on Casing Milling or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In typical wells 13 3/8† and 9 5/8† casing is cut and pulled from the well. Liners from 5 ? † through 9 5. 8† may be milled to facilitate their removal. Liners and casing cemented to the surface require removal by milling long intervals which have historically been slow and at best, time consuming process. Numerous operational problems exist including difficulty in cuttings removal and potentially stuck string from â€Å"bird-nesting† of cuttings. With new technology available, these problems can be eliminated or minimized to make liner removal a low risk economical choice for slot recovery. This paper describes the process for recovering these platform slots and provides a review of new technology that enhances the economics of the process. Case studies will show how proper selection of the BHA, mud and mud handling system, mill design, and milling parameters make slot recovery and liner removal fast and economical. Many of the problems associated with past practices are eliminated. Milling Considerations Prior to embarking on a prolonged milling job, there are a number of issues that should be considered. These considerations can mean the difference between a project being completed on time and on budget or project running into multiple problems and costing much more than anticipated. With proper preplanning the probability of performing a good effective job will be greatly increased. Casing milling jobs are now being planned and completed at hole angles above 50 60 degrees and through long tangent sections. In the pat without the assistance of technology, these types of jobs would have a high degree of uncertainty of being completed. The result was that a section would be cut or a Whipstock would be set to facilitate a sidetrack far above the desired target depth for the completed milling job. It is important to consider the following before beginning a job: (1) Casing eccentricity, (2) Cutting removal, and (3) Pilot mill design. Casing Eccentricity. An important aspect of planning a milling job is to determine if there is any eccentricity between the casing strings. This is an important consideration for determining the proper stabilization below the pilot mill. If the inner casing to be milled is held in place with cement and with casing centralizers installed then there is a good chance that the casing strings will be concentric with one another. Therefore, the stabilizer OD of the pilot assembly should be the drift ID of the inner casing string being milled. This will ensure that the mil tracks true to the centerline of the inner casing. It will also ensure that the collars are milled completely. If the collars are not completely milled, problems can be encountered at a later time when the skinned collar is circulated to the surface. Usually this results in a plugged flow line. Should the casing not have centralizers installed and the hole angle is 30 degrees or more, it is safe to assume that the casing strings are eccentric. This will require a different strategy. A reduced OD stabilizer will be required below the mill to allow it to walk away from the ID of the casing being milled. This will prevent the mill from milling into the primary string casing. This is important because it is usually required that the primary string of casing still be testable after milling is complete. This is particularly important on wells where the hole angle is great enough that a large side load may be placed on the mill. A properly design mill with gage protection on the OD of the blades will also help protect from milling the primary string of casing. Cutting Removal Removal of cuttings during milling has a great impact on the success of a milling job. If cuttings are not removed quickly and efficiently then downtime due to bird-nesting can become a problem. Bird-nesting occurs whenever a large number of cuttings accumulate in an area in the annulus. Surface equipment, flow line configuration, and milling fluids all become important for proper cutting removal. Surface Equipment A typical arrangement of flow equipment needed to remove cuttings on the surface is as follows. Flow is routed from the bell nipple through open flow ditches to two shale shakers with primary 24 to 50 mesh screens. The fluid then exits the shale shaker through secondary 84 to 110 mesh screens. Large ditch magnets are strategically placed in the flow line and suction intakes. The magnets should be cleaned by rig personnel every half hour to remove settled swarf. Flow line Configuration To avoid flip-out of swarf in the bell nipple and BOP riser and the subsequent bird-nesting and pack-offs, it is necessary to reduce the size of the BOP and bell nipple riser from 30† to13 3/8†. This will allow a higher annular velocity to keep the BOP and BOP riser clear of swarf. It is important that the flow lines from the riser to the shakers be as large and straight as possible with all valves removed. There should not be any obstructions in the flow lines to allow a bird-nest to form. Milling fluids The selection of the proper milling fluid is critical to a successful milling job. Polymer based fluids are generally preferable because of their increased lifting capacity. In order to obtain the maximum lifting capacity of the fluid it is preferable to keep the 6 rpm viscometer reading above 45 and the plastic viscosity as low as possible.